How to Explain Your Symptoms to a Doctor in English
Quick answer
To describe symptoms in English, be specific about: where the pain or problem is, what it feels like (sharp, dull, burning), when it started, how severe it is on a scale of 1–10, and what makes it better or worse. Bring a note with your symptoms written down if you are unsure of the words.
How do I describe my symptoms to a doctor in English?
To describe symptoms in English, be specific about: where the pain or problem is, what it feels like (sharp, dull, burning), when it started, how severe it is on a scale of 1–10, and what makes it better or worse. Bring a note with your symptoms written down if you are unsure of the words.
Visiting a doctor in a second language is challenging. This guide gives you the words and structure you need to communicate clearly — so you get the right care.
Key questions your doctor will ask
Doctors typically want to know:
1. What is the problem? Describe the main symptom first ("I have pain in my stomach", "I have been coughing for two weeks"). 2. Where exactly? Point to the area or describe it ("on the right side", "in the middle", "behind my knee"). 3. When did it start? ("Three days ago", "it started after I ate", "it comes and goes"). 4. What does it feel like? Use descriptive words (see list below). 5. How bad is it? Doctors often use a scale of 1 to 10, where 1 is barely noticeable and 10 is the worst pain you can imagine. 6. What makes it better or worse? ("It hurts more when I move", "it gets better after I rest", "food makes it worse"). 7. Have you had this before? ("This is the first time", "I had this last year").
Useful words to describe pain and symptoms
- Types of pain:
- Sharp — a sudden, knife-like feeling
- Dull — a low, constant ache
- Burning — a hot or stinging sensation
- Throbbing — pulsing or beating, like a heartbeat
- Cramping — squeezing or tightening
- Pressure — a heavy or squashing feeling
- How the symptom behaves:
- Constant — it does not go away
- Comes and goes — it appears and disappears
- Getting worse / improving
- Started suddenly / came on gradually
Body parts:** throat, chest, stomach, abdomen, lower back, shoulder, groin, shin
Preparing before your appointment
- Write down your symptoms before you go. Include:
- The main problem in one sentence
- When it started
- What makes it better or worse
- Any other symptoms (even if they seem unrelated)
- Any medicines you are taking
Show the note to the doctor if you cannot find the words — this is completely normal and helpful.
Using an interpreter
In New Zealand, you have the right to use a professional interpreter for medical appointments. Ask when you book: "Can I have an interpreter?" Your GP practice can arrange this. It is free.
Practice with Dr. Vital
Use [Dr. Vital](/chat) to describe your symptoms first — in your own language. Dr. Vital can help you understand what your symptoms might mean and suggest the words to use when you see your doctor.
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